VirusTotal Poisoning - AI Case Study

An AI Bill of Materials (AI BOM) contains a full listing of artifacts and resources that were used in building the AI. The AI BOM can help mitigate supply chain risks and enable rapid response to reported vulnerabilities. This can include maintaining dataset provenance, i.e. a detailed history of datasets used for AI applications. The history can include information about the dataset source as well as well as a complete record of any modifications.

Detect and block adversarial inputs or atypical queries that deviate from known benign behavior, exhibit behavior patterns observed in previous attacks or that come from potentially malicious IPs. Incorporate adversarial detection algorithms into the AI system prior to the AI model.

Establish access controls on internal model registries and limit internal access to production models. Limit access to training data only to approved users.

Require users to verify their identities before accessing a production model. Require authentication for API endpoints and monitor production model queries to ensure compliance with usage policies and to prevent model misuse.

Preprocess all inference data to nullify or reverse potential adversarial perturbations.

Limit public release of technical project details including data, algorithms, model architectures, and model checkpoints that are used in production, or that are representative of those used in production.

Maintain a detailed history of datasets used for AI applications. The history should include information about the dataset's source as well as a complete record of any modifications.

Use techniques to make AI models robust to adversarial inputs such as adversarial training or network distillation.

Decreasing the fidelity of model outputs provided to the end user can reduce an adversary's ability to extract information about the model and optimize attacks for the model.

Limit the total number and rate of queries a user can perform.

Detect and remove or remediate poisoned training data. Training data should be sanitized prior to model training and recurrently for an active learning model. Implement a filter to limit ingested training data. Establish a content policy that would remove unwanted content such as certain explicit or offensive language from being used.

Use an ensemble of models for inference to increase robustness to adversarial inputs. Some attacks may effectively evade one model or model family but be ineffective against others.

Validate that AI models perform as intended by testing for backdoor triggers, potential for data leakage, or adversarial influence. Monitor AI model for concept drift and training data drift, which may indicate data tampering and poisoning.

Verify the cryptographic checksum of all AI artifacts to verify that the file was not modified by an attacker.