Geopolitical risk

"Unlike many other wars where states fought over land and resources, the Cold War was primarily an ideological confrontation, where both the U.S. and the Soviet Union sought to establish global supremacy of their desired political and economic models. Though it did not result in direct military engagement between the two major powers, this conflict frequently led to widespread proxy wars across various regions such as Vietnam and Afghanistan [140]. While the causes of these proxy wars were often rooted in complex local and regional dynamics, their scale and intensity were significantly exacerbated as a second-order effect of the overarching ideological conflict between the two superpowers. Instead of an ideological race, some countries are now focusing on winning the AI race instead. For example, the U.S. AI and Crypto Czar David Sacks was quoted as saying “to remain the leading economic and military power, the United States must win the AI race” [141]. This strategic rivalry, particularly between the U.S. and China, is discussed by [142] as a new “digital Cold War”. Experts have also warned that certain AI-related attacks could tip the geopolitical sphere that result in conditions similar to those that preceded the First and Second World Wars [143]."