Heterogeneous Attacks

"Heterogeneous Attacks. A closely related risk is the possibility of multiple agents combining different affordances to overcome safeguards, for which there is already preliminary evidence (Jones et al., 2024, see also Case Study 12). In this case, it is not the sheer number of agents that leads to the novel attack method, but the combination of their different abilities. This might include the agents’ lack of individual safeguards, tasks that they have specialised to complete, systems or information that they may have access to (either directly or via training), or other incidental features such as their geographic location(s). The inherent difficulty of attributing responsibility for security breaches in diffuse, heterogeneous networks of agents further complicates timely defence and recovery (Skopik & Pahi, 2020)."